19
Conducting Polymer Composites for
Metabolite Sensing
Zondi Nate
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
Department of biotechnology & Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
John Alake, Darko Kwabena Adu, Blessing Wisdom Ike, and Rajshekhar Karpoormath
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
CONTENTS
19.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................309
19.2 Classification of Conducting Polymers .......................................................................310
19.2.1 Intrinsically and Extrinsically Conducting Polymers .................................310
19.3 Common Examples of Conducting Polymers............................................................312
19.3.1 Polyaniline (PANi) ............................................................................................312
19.3.2 Polyacetylene (PA) ............................................................................................313
19.3.3 Poly(3,4-Ethylene Dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) ..............................................313
19.3.4 Polypyrrole .........................................................................................................314
19.3.5 Polyfuran.............................................................................................................314
19.3.6 Polythiophene (PTH) ........................................................................................315
19.4 Application of Conductive Polymers for Metabolite Sensing.................................315
19.4.1 Conducting Polymer-Based Sensors for Pharmaceutical Drug and
Their Metabolite.................................................................................................316
19.4.2 Conducting Polymer-Based Sensors For Biogenic Molecules and
Biomarkers..........................................................................................................316
19.4.3 Conducting Polymer-Based Sensors for Foodborne Toxins, Food
Spoilage, and Foodborne Pathogens..............................................................319
19.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective.............................................................................319
References ....................................................................................................................................320
19.1 Introduction
Metabolites are intermediate or end products of metabolic activities. Metabolic processes
lead to the breakdown/degradation of complex material in simpler forms (catabolism) or
the building of material from a simpler form into a more complex form (anabolism). Some
DOI: 10.1201/9781003263265-19
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